Dr. Cleary and a selection of fellow participant researchers/writers will discuss the preliminary findings from a five-month creative writing project focused on women’s experiences of COVID-19 (Community Empathy Write (CEW)). Emily Dickinson was chosen by Dr. Cleary as the poet to “activate” the CEW because of an uptick of interest in her as an artist and woman both by scholars and by popular media during the pandemic (Muresan, 2018; Roy, 2020). Dr. Cleary grounded the project in history, theory, and both research and writing group method (Adams et al., 2021; Charon, 2006; Schneider, 2003; Slater, 2015; Witkin, 2014 ). Dickinson’s work inspires wonder about what will happen to women’s stories in the chaos of COVID. The CEW prompts were informed by participant writers and community stakeholders who were surveyed prior to the initial writing. Each month, the community of writers were given three prompts, two poems (one Dickinson one contemporary poet of color) and one news story distilling social science research about women and COVID-19. The presenters will discuss creative writing as a method to explore collective community experience of a pandemic. Participants will have the opportunity to hear a sample of short pieces written by members of the writing research community and learn more about the prompt development. The audience will have the opportunity to write into a prompt, share, and receive strengths-based feedback to get experience with the writing group method. Participants will learn about how the CEW fits into other community writing projects around the country and a movement within medicine nurturing empathy for patient experience called narrative medicine.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of community-engaged writing and collaborative autoethnography method to collectively explore health concerns like COVID-19 from personal experience wisdom

·  Describe the benefits of university/public school partnerships in elevating lost narratives of women's experience with COVID-19

·  Demonstrate how poetry can be used as data and part of legitimate participatory inquiry about public health concerns

Human trafficking is a multifaceted issue that requires a comprehensive response. Understanding the vulnerabilities and mindset of traffickers is a crucial aspect of this response. By engaging in conversations with traffickers, we can gain insight into why they engage in this illegal trade and the circumstances that make them vulnerable to exploitation and coercion. The external drivers and internal motivations of human traffickers have historically received little attention, yet we cannot end human trafficking without understanding and changing the behaviors of those who abuse, exploit, and coerce others. This presentation will summarize published research on this topic since 2010, with a focus on recent developments including the book Demystifying Modern Slavery (Gadd & Broad, 2022). The presenters will report on interviews with 30 people on trial for sex trafficking offenses in India, providing insight into the complexity of traffickers' relationships with their peers and victims. The presentation will challenge the general depiction of traffickers and highlight inconsistencies with available research data. The growing body of data shows that traffickers operate within both organized crime syndicates and interpersonal networks, and that their motivations may be financial, cultural, or based on personal or family survival. The presentation will also explore the extent to which legal threats deter traffickers and how many traffickers were previously survivors of trafficking. Understanding the vulnerabilities and mindset of traffickers is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies to combat human trafficking. By gaining insight into the factors that drive traffickers to engage in this trade, we can work towards the eradication of this heinous crime. 

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide a background to the concept of understanding and engaging with the perpetrator side of the human trafficking problem

·  Show how little research has been directed towards this topic

·  Describe several important recent contributions to our knowledge in this space, including interviews with people accused of trafficking in India

This presentation will include discussions of different types of trafficking, including definitions and models to help participants understand what trafficking is and how to identify if trafficking is occurring. Some international, national, and statewide statistics will be included, but vulnerabilities, exploitation, and relationship building will be the main focus of how traffickers recruit and keep victims engaged. Myths regarding human trafficking will be discussed as well as at-risk populations and demand. Social media and its role in human trafficking will be presented as well as a discussion of assessments that are currently being used in the field to identify survivors. Finally, resources to assist survivors will be presented, including how participants can join the fight in their respective regions.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Explain the federal and state definition of human trafficking

·  Present the Action, Means, Purpose model

·  Explain trafficking myths and what role social media plays in trafficking

·  Discuss resources to assist survivors and how individuals can join the fight to end human trafficking

This presentation will review results from a qualitative research study that seeks to utilize survivors’ voices identifying their own clinical need(s). In this study, projective personality tests identified salient psycho- and socioemotional themes, which were then integrated with descriptive, demographic, and developmental information. Culture as a whole is explored and analyzed as being complicit in the existence of sex trafficking (Willis & Levy, 2002; Twill, Green, & Traylor, 2010; Crellin, 2013). The literature around this topic often lacks a focus on systemic oppression, etiology, and attachment. They instead pinpoint trauma narratives and related behaviors (Robinson & Paramo, 2007; Smith & Briscoe-Smith, 2008; Kleinschmidt, 2009; Clarke et al., 2012; Crellin, 2013; Melrose, 2013). For this study, projective personality tests and self-report rating scales were used to identify salient psycho-emotional themes from clinical populations utilizing grounded theory and codebook analysis. Twenty-three adolescents participated in this study with a mean age of 16. The study utilized archival data from 2007-2016 from comprehensive clinical neuropsychological evaluations. Data from projective personality tests were examined for qualitative themes related to socioemotional health, and a codebook was subsequently developed. Findings of this study suggest why it is important for the professional involved in a case that involves sex trafficking to prioritize the voice of the individual in front of them as opposed to seeing them as their trauma, an objectifying lens. It will challenge the learner to examine their own clinical focus, automatic associations, and desire for engagement with this population and reorient themselves to the voice of the patient.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Review literature associated with sex trafficking and projective personality tests

·  Discuss the implication of culture in the existence of sex trafficking and the hole in literature related to this

·  Explore potential background factors, psychological vulnerabilities, and clinical challenges

In 2020, there were more than 17,000 reports of possible child sex trafficking (National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, 2021). Traffickers are known to prey on children with low self-esteem and minimal social support. These traits are common among children in foster care because of their histories of abuse, neglect, and trauma. Federal law requires states to develop policies and procedures for “determining the child’s experiences while absent from care, including screening the child to determine if the child is a possible sex trafficking victim” (42 U.S.C. § 671(a)(35)(A)(iii)). To determine whether states completed these required screenings, the presenters selected from five states a random sample of children who returned to foster care after going missing and reviewed the children’s case files for evidence of these screenings. For 413 selected children, they reviewed all case file documentation for children’s final episodes of going missing during the review period. They found no evidence that many children in foster care received a screening to determine whether they were victims of sex trafficking. For some of the children who were screened, their case file lacked information to ensure that the children were accurately identified as possible victims of sex trafficking. As a result, many children’s risks and potential needs may have gone unidentified and unaddressed. To better protect children in foster care from the dangers of sex trafficking and ensure that victims are identified and provided with needed support services, the presenters recommend that the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) work with states to improve compliance with screening requirements.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the study, including methodology and findings regarding the extent to which children in foster care were screened for sex trafficking when required

·  Describe the recommendations to improve compliance with foster care screening requirements and the actions agencies have taken in response to the recommendations

Climate change is an insistent global threat and is projected to continue its multiple surprises on the environment and society in various circumstances around the world. As the arguments for what should be considered the right response by the states continues to generate complexities (McAdam, 2020). More migrants and refugees are met with disenfranchising policies and stances around the world, especially in the western democracies. While theoretical progress and resolutions are being achieved to make polluting countries more accountable to tackle climate emergencies (Lakhani, 2023), it does not disavow that climate injustice disproportionately affects marginalized groups, resulting in forced migration, the displacement of people, as well as augmented vulnerability to human trafficking and mistreatments. A qualitative approach was employed to identify the effects of climate justice on migration and refugees, as well as the implications of stringent border security and immigration policies. Relevant articles were selected and analyzed to provide academic evidence and reliable data for the study. The typology of “refugeeness” and racial affiliations of migrants are constantly weaved by western asylum institutions to exclude migrants in the occidental arena. This presentation examines the extent to which the asylum administration in western democracies is fair and equitable for every migrant or refugee and contends that racial prejudices prevalent in the system make certain groups more vulnerable to discrimination and exclusion. The findings posit that the deficiency of equity in the dispensation of asylum generates an environment that extends inequality, exploitations, and fails to serve as a leveler for all migrants.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Investigate the degree to which racial biases exist within the asylum administration procedure in Western democracies and how they shape the outcomes for different groups of migrants

·  Analyze the ways in which political discourse and media exposure of immigration and refugees in Western democracies shapes public attitudes and policy outcomes

·  Discuss the impact of current changes in immigration programs and border control measures

Wiley K. March, a survivor of abuse and trafficking for 38 years, now radiates grace and inspiration as a published author, captivating speaker, workshop host, and visionary CEO. She creates safe avenues for crisis-stricken individuals to build their own income without jeopardizing their safety. Wiley shares her expertise, revealing often overlooked survivor insights, to diverse audiences including domestic violence shelters, trafficking rescue organizations, and the Department of Corrections. Her actionable guidance and unwavering support empower others to move from surviving to thriving, embracing self-love after enduring abuse and trafficking. Through relentless self-education, she equips herself and others with the tools needed for rebuilding lives from the ground up. Wiley illuminates the transformative power of resilience, healing, and the unwavering spirit that triumphs over adversity.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss the importance of telling your truth when it feels like no one is listening

·  Present how to set and enforce personal boundaries when you don't feel safe

·  Discuss the true depth and breadth of child abuse in our society and how to curb it and heal the aftermath

·  Explain how to bring oneself to love after mental, emotional, and physical trauma

People can do good, be good, and still cause harm. Similarly, the anti-trafficking sector can engage in powerful advocacy, support many essential initiatives, provide many victims of human trafficking with essential services and support, and still cause harm– both to the recipients of their services and to the survivors who work in its initiatives. Many providers may not even realize when harm has been caused. In order to stop causing this harm, we must first understand the harm caused by common anti-trafficking practices, fully acknowledge the harm, commit to making repairs, and change our approaches. From 2022 to early 2023, a group of survivors working in the anti-trafficking movement convened weekly to discuss harms that the anti-trafficking sector has routinely caused survivors. In 2023, this group, known as the Lived and Professional Experience Working Group, published their findings and recommendations in a comprehensive report, “We Name It So We Can Repair It: Rethinking harm, accountability, and repair in the anti-trafficking sector.” This presentation will begin with an overview of the categories of harm experienced by many survivors of human trafficking, with empathy-building activities to help attendees understand the needs, fears, and hopes of the people often involved. Next, the presenters will review the basics of community accountability that inform our practice and framework. Finally, they will put this into practice with group discussion of scenarios to identify places to make repair and how to build in accountability moving forward.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Review the ways survivors experience harm in the anti-trafficking sector as outlined in the 2023 report

·  Discuss fundamental concepts of community accountability and how trauma responses (of both survivors and allies) can impact the process

Sex trafficking is the fastest growing criminal industry in the world (Rescue Her, 2022). Children and adolescents make up a large portion of victims in the United States. Generational changes between Millennials and Generation Z have contributed to the susceptibility of children and adolescents (Humphreys, 2017). This presentation is based on original research conducted with school counselors on the generational changes that have been observed between Millennials and Generation Z. The purpose of this study was to investigate school counselor knowledge of sex trafficking; observe the experience of generational changes between millennials and Gen Z; and to determine school counselor perception of how these changes are related to sex trafficking susceptibility. This qualitative research study gathered data from 11 clinical mental health and certified school counselors who currently work in schools. These counselors were based in 5 different school districts, within a Southwest region of the United States. Grounded theory was used as a constant comparative method, which resulted in the development of prevention categories. This research identified 7 categories of generational changes that have increased child and adolescent susceptibility to sex trafficking. A prevention model was developed based on the 7 categories of child and adolescent susceptibility to sex trafficking. The prevention model includes implications for practice for both clinical mental health and school based mental health settings.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Present the purpose, methodology, and findings of this research study

·  Describe the 7 categories of child and adolescent susceptibility to sex trafficking using the axial coding diagram developed from the findings

·  Discuss implications for practice and provide possible interventions to address sex trafficking susceptibility

·  Use evidence-based practices and experiential activities to give each participant tools to take with them and use in their practice.

Children experiencing sex or labor trafficking/exploitation (T/E) are at high risk for adverse health and behavioral health consequences, including sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS, work- or violence-related injuries, malnutrition, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and behavioral problems (Kiss et al., 2015; Le et al., 2018; Sprang & Cole, 2018). They may seek healthcare before, during, or after their exploitation but are unlikely to spontaneously disclose their situation to healthcare professionals (HCP) (Lavoie et al., 2019; Varma et al., 2015). HCPs have a vital role to play in preventing, recognizing, and serving children at risk of or experiencing T/E. But to fulfill this role, they need organizational support, knowledge, tools, and skills in working with traumatized children. This presentation outlines 4 tools designed to improve the health sector’s response to T/E. The tools are based on literature review and best practices and involve guidance to practitioners on the recognition and appropriate response to suspected child T/E, as well as guidance and tools for organizations to build effective protocols on child T/E and create conditions that facilitate optimal care of vulnerable children. Three of the tools underwent formal review by outside experts prior to finalization. Participants will be provided with links to all 4 free resources and will begin to evaluate their local healthcare sector’s response to T/E. They will discuss challenges to improve the response and identify potential solutions. These tools can propel local healthcare communities to action that improves the wellbeing of children affected by T/E.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe current barriers to optimal healthcare of children experiencing T/E

·  Outline 4 critical resources designed to assist healthcare professionals and administrators in improving the recognition and response to child T/E

·  Engage participants in evaluation of their local health sector response and lead a group discussion of barriers and facilitators to systems change

Extant scholarly and activist literature strongly recommend that sex trafficking, sex work, and homeless/runaway youth organizations employ lived experience experts (i.e., those who experienced homelessness and/or the sex trades, which broadly include sex trafficking, sex work, and experiences that do not fit with either term or act). The process by which people with lived experiences become social service leaders is not well understood, particularly from the perspectives of diverse races, ethnicities, genders, and sexualities. The researchers sought to understand: (1) how do people with lived experiences become social service leaders; (2) what conditions influence their pathways; and (3) how does leadership influence their well-being? They used an intersectional, grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2006) to conduct 26 in-depth interviews with lived experience experts who were currently in leadership in the U.S. Participants were ages 22-43; 50% people of color; 26% trans, genderqueer, genderfluid; 62% lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, or queer. Twelve worked in anti-sex trafficking services. Findings suggest that participants moved into leadership with a collectivist or individualistic lens to the work (i.e., to improve collective community conditions vs. called to work due to individual experiences). A cycle of internal and external validation and invalidation emerged (e.g., insufficient pay; exploitation of their stories). Their lens and invalidation often led to conflict within the organization. When not repaired, participants reported differential ruptures from the community and exit from an organization. Practice, policy, and research implications will be discussed, including funding and compensation for lived experience experts, leadership development, and internal and external structural supports.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss how lived experience leaders find motivation to engage in social service work

·  Explain the external and internal factors impacting diverse individuals’ leadership pathways

·  Discuss practice and policy changes needed to support lived experience experts

Pregnancy and parenting are both challenging times that come with ups and downs of hormones, medical needs, child developmental concerns, attachment, and so many other considerations. For survivors of sex trafficking, pregnancy and parenting can come with the added layer of trauma, economic hardships, support deficits, and social stigma (Brunovskis & Surtees, 2015; Peled & Parker, 2013). Pregnancy is often a catalyst for leaving the life or finding means of escaping exploitation, but social support is necessary for success in finding a life outside of sex work (Cecchet & Thoburn, 2014; Torri, 2020). In this presentation, the presenter will discuss challenges faced by survivors of sex trafficking who are parents and/or pregnant, resiliency factors of survivors, and how to best support them as service providers.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe lived experience of pregnancy and parenting as well as interactions with healthcare and support providers

·  Describe ways for providers to effectively engage with survivors who are pregnant or parenting children from an empowerment perspective

·  Explain research related to pregnancy and parenting for those who have experienced trauma including effective intervention approaches

Faith-based organizations (FBOs) have had substantial involvement in the anti-human trafficking movement (Gee & Smith, 2014). Yet, limited research is available on the crucial roles they play. This study explored FBOs' input in the anti-trafficking movement in the U.S. by examining their motivations to engage in human trafficking work, their distinctive competencies as key stakeholders, and their experiences and challenges in providing human trafficking services. A purposive sample of 16 representatives from 14 FBOs with anti-human trafficking work experience were recruited. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data. Thematic analysis of the interview data was conducted. The study included 13 FBOs of Christian denominations and one from a Jewish denomination. Faith was reported as the most significant, rallying, and inspiring influence in FBOs' engagement in the field. Study participants concurred that efforts to convert trafficking survivors to one's religion are unethical and counterproductive. Their agencies had experiences in various aspects of prevention, protection, and even assistance in prosecuting human trafficking cases and at multiple levels of intervention. The distinctive capacities of FBOs for policy advocacy, training, and housing services for trafficking survivors provide a glimpse of their leading roles in human trafficking policy implementation. Operating primarily outside public funding allows FBOs to develop services that help assist survivors more adequately and without time limits. All 14 FBOs reported using a non-discriminatory, survivor-centered, and trauma-informed approach in their human trafficking service delivery. The findings contradict proselytizing misperceptions about FBOs involved in human trafficking work. Implications for practice, policy implementation, and research will be discussed.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Examine the motivations of FBOs to engage in human trafficking work

·  Describe the distinctive characteristics and competencies that make FBOs key stakeholders in the fight against human trafficking

·  Examine the experiences and challenges of FBOs in doing human trafficking work

LGBTQIA+ young people face homelessness, discrimination, and vulnerabilities aging out of foster care, combined with a lack of resources. Statistics show that LGBTQIA+ youth have higher rates of engaging in survival sex to meet their basic needs, and also face deeper rejection from law enforcement and social services. BIPOC Trans women are victims of attempted homicide and violence at higher rates than their counterparts. Specialized training and services are required to assist this population and minimize further exploitation. Mainstream systems are needed to provide culturally appropriate services to LGBTQIA+ young people, as this work continues to face societal homophobia and heterosexism. Participants in this training will learn about the connection between sex trafficking and survival sex, the added vulnerabilities of psychological manipulation and trauma bonding for youth engaging in the commercial sex industry, and the prevalence of sex tourism in impoverished communities. Participants will also be able to identify ways that they can provide trauma-informed wrap around services to assist this population.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss risk factors for LGBTQIA+ youth in North America and Puerto Rico

·  Provide statistics and data showing the added vulnerabilities and violence experienced by this population

·  Explain the added risks of psychological manipulation and trauma-bonding and how to help with trauma-informed sensory based care and expressive arts programing

Fatou Jagne is a survivor of human trafficking. Her experience as a survivor motivated her to become an exemplary leader in her network, to ensure that trafficking is abolished in the Gambia and Africa at large. Since she returned home in 2017, she has dedicated her life to fighting against human trafficking, irregular migration, and other human right abuses against women and girls. She wants to ensure that all perpetrators of human trafficking are brought to justice. Fatou volunteers with youth organizations such as Africans Rising, Activista, Network Against Gender Based Violence, and the National Youth Council, where she works to ensure that young women and survivors realize their full potential and become great leaders in the future. In 2020, the Network of Girls Against Human Trafficking (NoGAHT) in partnership with Action for Humanity helped bring back 38 women and girls back from Lebanon to the Gambia. After series of efforts, in October 2022, Fatou Jagne also worked to bring back others who were being trafficked to Dubai using false information to get them into a risky journey with hopes for a better life. After receiving funding from Jah Oil, The Gambia, and some Gambians for the payment of their air tickets to return home, Fatou was able to help these victims. Attendees will hear the story of Fatou’s human trafficking experience and what she has been doing since to help others. Trafficking is real and we still have more victims that need help!

Presentation Objectives:

·  Share her personal experience of human trafficking

·  Discuss all of the collaboration and funding secured to help other victims of human trafficking return to their home country of The Gambia

Aura Freedom will share their upstream, intersectional feminist approach to preventing human trafficking by addressing root causes, upholding human rights, and advancing equity. This approach is the framework of Aura Freedom's ground-breaking online Human Trafficking Info Hub (www.aurafreedom.org/ht-info-hub) and is being shared with various school boards, victim services agencies, child welfare agencies, women's shelters, rape crisis centers, and other frontline organizations in Ontario. This upstream approach is also the heart and soul of all of Aura Freedom's work addressing violence against women and sex trafficking in Canada and beyond. With over a decade of grassroots human trafficking prevention and survivor support, as well as continuous consultations with their community and colleagues, Aura Freedom is one of the most active counter-trafficking organizations in Toronto, Canada and has worked with many other grassroots feminist organizations and Indigenous groups to address the systemic issues that create environments where human trafficking thrives. Learn about Aura Freedom’s award-winning and often-replicated method of preventing human trafficking and how you can incorporate it into your work. Gain knowledge about the root causes of human trafficking, targeted communities, and just how long of a road it is until we see the true eradication of human trafficking. “If you think you can ‘fix’ human trafficking in a few years, think again.” - Marissa Kokkoros

Presentation Objectives:

·  Present strategies for successful human trafficking prevention rooted in human rights, intersectional feminism, equity, and empowerment (working ‘Upstream’)

·  Demonstrate the power of human trafficking prevention that is survivor-centered, trauma-informed, intersectional, and fueled by compassion

·  Provide insight on how to meet survivors where they are, recognizing their diverse backgrounds, stories, and choices and how to refute the patriarchal ‘victim narrative’, including information on how to provide support to survivors of human trafficking (working ‘Downstream’)

A call from a security guard reporting the use of minor children in the making of jewelry led to a raid conducted through the narrow streets of Chennai, India resulting in the rescue of 23 bonded child laborers. The term “child labor” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and dignity, and is harmful to physical and mental development (International Labour Organization). At least 8 million people are trafficking victims in India, with the majority of whom are bonded laborers. Children and women are the most at-risk demographics. Through the experience of the presenters, they seek to illuminate bonded labor in various industries through this presentation. They will discuss the background procedure, such as tipoff and the field visit that was conducted during pre-raid, as well as the government agencies involved, the rescue, and the circumstances from which they were rescued fall under. The presenters will also describe the experiences leading up to the raid, what happened during the raid, the actual rescue, and the aftermath involved in relief and rehabilitation, including the justice for the perpetrators. This presentation is a first-person account that highlights the skills a social worker needs when working with bonded laborers and the government’s role in regulating rehabilitation and post-release employment.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe the experience of a released bonded laborer

·  Discuss the role of a social worker in the rescue, relief, and rehabilitation of bonded laborers

Organ trafficking, forced organ harvesting, and unethical organ transplantation is a global issue. A “world first” Legal Advisory Report and Policy Guidance, “Do No Harm: Mitigating Human Rights Risks when Interacting with International Medical Institutions & Professionals in Transplantation Medicine”, has recently been published in response to international calls to action. The Advisory explores the risks of international collaborations in transplant medicine, research and training, and the hard and soft law obligations that govern those partnerships. It highlights high risk countries such as China, provides practical advice for mitigating risks, and outlines circumstances where disengagement may be required. The Advisory provides advice and guidance to a range of stakeholders including hospitals, universities, professional societies, medical journals, independent professional bodies, medical schools, and associated medical professionals. This presentation will not only educate the audience about the real risk faced by medical institutions and their professionals of complicity in organ trafficking, but will also highlight the general complacency of the medical sector and what can be done about it. The session will also outline the legal remedies available to those impacted by the complicity of the medical sector. The audience will walk away with a deeper understanding of the global organ trade and an appreciation that compliance with business and human rights obligations within the medical transplantation sector is an effective way to tackle the issue.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Educate the audience about global organ trafficking

·  Describe a world first legal Advisory that shines a spotlight on western medical transplantation entities and the risk of complicity in unethical organ transplant practices

·  Explain and demonstrate how compliance with the Advisory is an effective way to tackle global organ trafficking

The Phoenix Project, the London Abused Women’s Centre, Salvation Army Correctional Justice Services, and Youth Opportunities Unlimited use a wraparound approach to support victims of human trafficking. Together, with their unique skills and resources, they offer education, awareness, counselling, and exit strategies to support those who have been sex trafficked. One of the greatest challenges to victims is accessing justice. Together, these agencies have outlined pathways on the “Journey to Justice” which may include crisis intervention, connecting with community supports and counselling, police and judicial involvement, victim compensation, disclosure and anonymous reporting, and social justice action. Through their journey with the victim, together they facilitate pathways that meet the needs of the individual with the goal of creating the best possible outcomes on the path towards safety and healing. This collaborative, client-centered, and trauma-informed approach allows them to meet clients where they are at while helping them to build a safety net of supports and resources. This approach advances the likelihood that victims of sex trafficking will receive the best possible outcomes. Each program offers unique resources and perspectives, including the engagement of individuals with lived experience who continue to inform and evolve the programs of each agency. In this presentation, presenters will share some of the barriers, challenges, and opportunities that victims face while seeking justice. They will present promising practices based on what they learned from survivors, in their own words. Attendees will gain a better understanding of how to incorporate these practices into their work in helping survivors achieve justice.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe the Phoenix Project and direct service model to engage victims of sex trafficking on their journey to justice

·  Discuss risks and challenges for victims of sex trafficking who seek justice

·  Discuss wraparound service model to meet the needs of victims of sex trafficking

Female perpetration of child sexual abuse and trafficking for exploitation is often overlooked by society and often goes undetected. The researchers will answer the question: What are the modus operandi and tactics employed by female perpetrators in cases of Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation (CSEA). This presentation will show the preliminary findings in a multi-year study based on exploratory research methods, in-depth literature review, survivor interviews, and Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Darknet analysis. Empirical evidence is more limited when looking at the female as a perpetrator, instead of the victim. There is a misguided belief that women, including female family members, are always nurturing individuals who can be trusted with children which has engineered the notion that they are less likely to commit sexual crimes against a child in comparison to men (Hamilton, 2021). Yet, in Ena Lucia’s research, participants of child sexual abuse and trafficking reported the presence of female abusers, “buyers”, and/or traffickers (familial and non-familial), with high levels of sadism. Women abusers and exploiters present a unique criminological challenge because sexually abusive relationships can be difficult to identify (Turton, 2010), as female offenders usually hold a dominant or authority status over the male or female child as mothers, teachers, or caregivers (Hamilton, 2021). Additionally, female perpetrators also receive significantly lighter criminal sentencing for child sexual abuse and exploitation related crimes compared to men (Hamilton, 2021). This presentation will investigate the modus operandi of the ignored perpetrator, with real examples from survivor testimonies and online OSINT analysis.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Give an overview of research conducted on female perpetrators, traffickers, and buyers

·  Provide a deeper understanding of the male and female experience in child sexual abuse, exploitation, and trafficking done by female perpetrators

·  Present an in-depth analysis of the marketing and sales cycle of human trafficking

·  Discuss the modus operandi of female exploiters

Law enforcement, service providers, and medical responders experience sustained exposure to child maltreatment, sexual assaults, and human trafficking. This can lead to signs and symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS) due to the trauma that the helping profession witnesses. Due to the ongoing exposure to traumatic experiences, providers start to experience negative impacts on their everyday life. The resulting effects of STS can be devastating and include substance abuse, increased rates of suicide, marital distress, depression and anxiety, and decreased physical wellness. This session will primarily focus on learning more about our personal STS and gaining tools to assess STS to improve our wellbeing. Discussion regarding personal experiences, cultural changes within the workplace, and the normalization of STS and compassion fatigue will be a main priority during this session. Attendees will gain skills for resilience and a new perspective on the effects of the work.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Assist attendees in understanding their own levels of compassion fatigue and secondary trauma through discussion and information on terms associated with secondary trauma and compassion fatigue

·  Discuss the need to normalize impacts of high stress work and provide access to tools and resources to improve attendees’ personal and professional lives

Demonstrate how to advocate for culture change in the workplace by discussing the importance of leadership buy-in and tools to make a difference

Vulnerability to human trafficking increases during and post disasters (Stoklasa et al., 2021) which create additional operational challenges for policy makers as well as on-the-ground operations. Unfortunately, the number of disasters and their impact is increasing (Ruiter et al., 2020). COVID-19 and Ukrainian crisis have raised the concerns about the amplified human trafficking risk with complex crisis. However, there is limited research about the intersection of human trafficking and disasters. The purpose of this research is to present the nexus between disasters and human trafficking and share examples from complex disasters, like the Syrian refugee crisis. Through semi-structured interviews of 25 anti-trafficking and/or humanitarian practitioners, this presentation will first show the pathways to human trafficking during/after each type of disaster, the operational challenges for decision makers, the current state of awareness in this intersection, and the activities in the disaster response cycle to integrate human trafficking. Then, through field observations and analysis of past decade work in the Syrian refugee crisis, this study will present efforts on combating human trafficking through policy, training, public awareness initiatives, and partnership in Turkey. This study will highlight gaps and opportunities for international refugee management to combat human trafficking, especially for California, which has housed an increased number of refugees due to recent crises around the world. It will also provide initial learnings about refugees as beneficiaries from other complex disasters (i.e., recent Turkish/Syrian earthquakes). Participants will gain a deeper understanding for the nexus of different disaster and exploitation as well as emerging best practices for preventing and combating human trafficking post disasters.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Present the link between disasters and human trafficking especially in the complex emergency settings

·  Introduce examples for preventing labor trafficking among refugee population

·  Describe learnings for international refugee management to combat human trafficking

You may be aware of the invisible wounds that victims often face, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), but what about the invisible wounds to one’s morality or soul (Barnes, Hurley & Taber, 2019)? A moral injury can occur in response to acting or witnessing behaviors that go against an individual's values and moral beliefs (Norman & Maguen, 2020). This session will take attendees on an intentional journey through the lens of moral injury (Price, Steuwig & Mashek, 2007). Presenters will look at moral injury through the viewpoint of a survivor with lived experience and learn how they have used this approach to move further in their own healing. The presenters will also explore how the understanding of moral injury has been a game-changing tool for working in the anti-trafficking field by hearing from a non-profit director. Session attendees will be provided with an opportunity to gain an understanding of the distinctions between PTSD and moral injury. They will also acquire knowledge on implementing diverse strategies to address moral injury when working with clients. Additionally, attendees will be given an opportunity to learn more about how they can equip themselves with strategies that can be applied in their personal and professional lives to cultivate moral resilience, aiming to prevent burnout within their respective fields.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss what causes moral injury and what the symptoms of moral injury are

·  Describe the difference between PTSD and moral injury

Explain different ways to address and treat moral injury

University students’ involvement in the sex trades is critically understudied in the U.S. Further, many U.S. quantitative studies that identify sex trading use a single item (e.g., “have you ever traded sex for money or drugs?”) to address a complex, stigmatized phenomenon (see ADD Health). However, using multiple, behaviorally specific questions has been shown to better detect highly sensitive and stigmatized behaviors (Cook et al., 2011). To address these gaps, this study sought to 1) adapt, develop, and refine a preliminary, multi-item measure, and 2) understand the experiences of undergraduate and graduate students who are involved in virtual and in-person sex trades. The presenters use a community engaged, direct content analytic approach and conducted 34 cognitive interviews with students who were familiar with sex trading. Results suggest that some students, particularly those from low-income and first-generation backgrounds, trade sex in-person and virtually to support themselves and report positive (e.g., money, access to social capital) and negative health consequences (e.g., sexual assault, being blackmailed and scammed, and reproductive and mental health issues). Further, language used in single-item studies may not reflect participants’ views of the sex trades. Items that address the circumstances of sex trading (including economic needs, wants, exploitation, empowerment/pleasure) were important in capturing diverse experiences. Findings call for integration of multi-item measures to identify involvement in and circumstances of the sex trades in general populations as well as university specific contexts. Implications for practice, policy, and future research that can support and empower students are discussed.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of sex trading involvement among college students in the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany

·  Provide an overview of the benefits of multi-item measure to identify complex social phenomena, including sex trades

·  Present research study findings

·  Examine calls to action for practice and policy implications, as well as future research with university students and multi-item measures

In The Story of Foster Care vol. 1, audiences were invited into the intricate world of foster care as told by former foster youth, foster parents, and caseworkers. In this sequel work, viewers will see the perspectives of individuals who experienced both foster care and human trafficking, individuals who work at organizations supporting their healthy exit from trafficking, and from child-welfare professionals who see the connections. This gallery is a collection of photos and stories that illustrate the foster care system’s connection to the world of human trafficking. The intersection is not as simple as we perceive it. Join Empty Frames Initiative for a conversation panel with the artists and authors of this work as they discuss the evolution of their understanding of this topic, their takeaways from the gallery and book's creation, and their hopes for people working in this field. There will be the opportunity for audience members to ask questions to the panelists. Viewers will have the opportunity to hear from survivors, anti-trafficking professionals, and child-welfare workers on the intersection of foster care and human trafficking. They will learn from each panelist the joys and struggles of taking ownership of your story. Then, they will have the chance to safely submit questions that will be reviewed by a moderator in real time.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe the collaborative work and its impact on the authors/artists

·  Explain what steps were taken to help engage everyone authentically and ethically

·  Give authors/artists the opportunity to share what they believe people should know about the intersection of foster care & human trafficking

We are often challenged to create programs and services incorporating survivor leaders. We want to show respect and opportunities for those with the lived experience of human trafficking. These individuals are often very effective at helping others with similar experiences. Lived experience is invaluable but it doesn’t guarantee success in these endeavors. What do you do if the person has a desire to assist but hasn’t healed enough to do so without being retraumatized? How can we give ourselves, survivors, and their peers a better chance at success? We need to have a fluid plan as we move forward. This session will provide some insight into the challenges and successes of developing these programs. The service provider perspective will be provided from someone that interacts with the desired population on a daily basis. Learn how this program was developed and how it is working now. The program was developed with survivor input and leadership. The lived experience expert will share the challenges, rewards, and successes of being involved. How is it impacting the community at large? Could it work in your area? The willingness to help must come with a clear and open mindset along with the skill and tools to reach success.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss ways to train survivors to help other survivors

·  Identify challenges for survivor leaders

·  Describe pitfalls to peer-to-peer programming

·  Present perspectives from a lived experience expert on peer-to-peer work

In 2021, there were reported 10,571 likely victims of sex trafficking in the United States (Polaris, 2021). Increasing numbers of individuals who have survived sex trafficking are seeking mental health treatment (Litam & Lam, 2021), yet no frameworks currently exist to guide counseling practice with this specific client population (Burt, 2019). That being said, the presenter believes that applying the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC) framework (Ratts et al., 2015) is a way to focus on how a survivor’s culture and context shape their way of being and understanding. This framework has been used with theories, practices, and research. It reflects the privileged and marginalized statuses that mental health professionals and clients bring to the counseling relationship. Embedded within the developmental domains are what mental health professionals aspire to know about working with this population: attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, skills, and action. At the core of this framework is the belief that multiculturalism and social justice should be at the center of counseling. By highlighting the intersection of identities and the dynamics of power, privilege, and oppression that influence the counseling relationship, mental health professionals identify best practice ways to counsel their clients as well as how best to intervene for their clients from a social justice perspective. By the end of this presentation, participants will be able to integrate the MSJCC framework into their mental health practices.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Explain the MSJCC framework

·  Illustrate the awareness, knowledge, skills, and action within each developmental domain to counsel individuals who have survived sex trafficking

·  Educate attendees on how to implement within their mental health practices the MSJCC framework to counsel individuals who have survived sex trafficking

While familial trafficking is still not fully understood or recognized, studies are starting to show that it is involved in a disturbing number of trafficking cases (Allert, 2022; Polaris, 2021; Edwards et al., 2022). As we have heard in other presentations, the flags are not only difficult to see, but also different from those in your normal Human Trafficking 101 presentation. But what about the ramifications? Because this type of trafficking happens where we are supposed to experience attachment and safety first in our lives, the road to healing may vary from other typologies of trafficking. Learn from a survivor about the impact familial trafficking has on survivors in other aspects of their lives – relationships, interaction with peers, and holidays for example. Then, learn how we can better address these as we walk with them and seek to understand the importance of healing attachment wounds and restorative relationships.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss how familial trafficking flags differ from other types of trafficking

·  Explain the ramifications of being trafficked by family on the other aspects of a survivor’s life

·  Discuss ways we can support healing using strategies such as healing attachment wounds and restorative relationships

Trauma bonds are one of the most pressing issues facing survivors of sex trafficking, but they are one of the least understood. More insight is needed into survivors’ experiences with trauma bonding. Furthermore, little research has examined survivors’ experiences in human trafficking specialty dockets. Trauma bonds likely affect survivors in these courts, but no research has sought to explore how these survivors experience these bonds. This phenomenological, community-based participatory research study with CATCH court, a human trafficking specialty docket, sought to fill these research gaps by seeking to understand how survivors have experienced trauma bonding, how they have experienced healing from trauma bonding, and how their participation in a human trafficking specialty docket has affected their healing from trauma bonding. This study consisted of focus groups and individual interviews with 19 survivors of sex trafficking who were current participants in or graduates of CATCH court. Study findings indicate survivors have experienced trauma bonds as involuntary, as having lingering power, and as consisting of love and hate. Survivors shared that building trusting and honest relationships, their relationships with themselves, and education all played a role in their healing. Survivors shared that love and support from specialty docket staff helped them overcome trauma bonding effects. Finally, survivors expressed that how trauma bonding affects a survivor in the court ultimately depends on the individual. Study findings contain important implications for practice with survivors, for policy, and for future research.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Explain what trauma bonds are and how to recognize them among survivors of sex trafficking

·  Provide an overview of the research study, including main questions, methodology, and findings

·  Describe the implications and recommendations based on the research

Childhood stress dysregulates and disrupts neurobiological systems, which has a lasting impact throughout adulthood. Though the impact of a significant traumatic experience on the brain and body has been extensively researched, there is less known on the impact of multiple, prolonged traumatic experiences on the brain. This presentation summarizes the state of current findings that when compared to peers with no traumatic experiences, children exposed to complex trauma have structural changes in their brain. For example, with exposure to complex trauma, there is a decrease in white and gray matter in the prefrontal cortex (e.g., Hanson et al., 2012). This loss of gray matter may at least partially explain difficulties in executive functioning. Further, with exposure to complex trauma, there is an association between childhood stress and spatial working memory. Regardless of a diagnosis in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), children with exposure to complex trauma seem to have difficulty inhibiting competing, extraneous information in order to focus on a task at hand. There is also less activation in the middle frontal gyrus, which is involved in response inhibition, suggesting that these children’s brain activity is developmentally delayed (e.g., Bruce et al., 2013; Carrion et al., 2008). Importantly, however, there is compensation for decreased activity, such as in the anterior cingulate gyrus, with an increase in activation in the left inferior parietal lobule. This demonstration of brain plasticity serves as a reminder that even in the face of adverse conditions, there is a path towards healthy functioning. Attendees will learn to identify complex trauma symptoms through a neuropsychological lens and learn compensatory mechanisms specific to complex trauma.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Present findings that early stress disrupts structural aspects of neurological processes

·  Describe the functional ramifications of brain changes due to complex trauma (e.g., impairment of executive functioning)

·  Discuss compensatory mechanisms

Most data on child sex trafficking, and family-facilitated child sex trafficking (FFCST) more specifically, comes from Western, developed nations, especially the U.S. (Sprang & Cole, 2018; Reid, Huard & Haskell, 2015). Although exceedingly valuable in providing a foundation of knowledge, these data provide a small window only into the many nuanced manifestations of FFCST globally. Diversity in culture, economics, politics, and resource availability and accessibility greatly impact family dynamics related to FFCST (Willis & Barry, 2006; Sprang & Cole, 2018). In this presentation, the presenter will describe three unique types of FFCST that have been identified in India—from her own research over the past 15 as well as the extant literature (Sabharwal & Sonalkar, 2015; Saggurti et al., 2011; Jha & Sharma, 2016). Similarities (e.g., structural vulnerabilities including caste membership and availability and access to resources) and subtle differences (e.g., in family dynamics, intergenerational transmission) across the variations will be highlighted as will implications for health and well-being of victims and their children. Comparisons with what is known about FFCST in the U.S. will be made and suggestions for continued research, practice and policy will be discussed—emphasizing how much of what is currently understood about FFCST, may not be generalizable to culturally unique populations. Culturally appropriate economic growth and anti-discriminatory (caste, gender) policies, with actionable field-based, ethical, and trauma informed strategies are paramount for change to occur.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe three unique types of FFCST identified in unique cultural contexts of India

·  Identify similarities and differences across the three types of FFCST as well as comparisons with what is currently understood in the literature about FFCST in the U.S. and other Western Countries

·  Suggest implications for psycho-social well-being for victims/survivors of each of the three types of FFCST

This presentation will explain how ritual abuse, mind control, and different suggestive techniques work to control sex trafficking survivors (Karriker, 2008). The presenter will describe different historical examples of how mind control and ritual abuse have been used. Legal cases will also be discussed from various parts of the world (McGonigle, 1999; New York Times, 1988). Research studies, like the Extreme Abuse Survivors Survey, will be presented, as well as examples of different cults and their techniques (Hassan, 2018). Mental health diagnoses, like Dissociative Identity Disorder and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and their origins in sex trafficking survivors will be explained. The presenter will discuss his personal experiences of being in a cult as a child experiencing torture, sexual abuse, and mind control techniques. The forced development of these diagnoses and their symptoms will be connected to how they are used to control sex trafficking survivors. Ways to expose and prevent ritual abuse, mind control, and sex trafficking will be discussed. Finally, there will be a discussion of the future of advocacy efforts to stop ritual abuse, sex trafficking, and mind control.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss techniques used to control sex trafficking survivors

·  Describe research studies that show how these techniques work

·  Explain how different mental health diagnoses symptoms are used to help sex trafficking survivors

·  Discuss ways people can educate others to help stop future occurrences of ritual abuse, sex trafficking, and mind control

Expressive arts includes a wide range of activities that largely utilize nonverbal methods to connect with feelings or thoughts of participants. As a therapeutic and educational intervention, expressive arts have been shown to be more accessible than many other methods for working with trauma survivors (Hopper et al., 2018). Survivor leaders and group facilitators, Kyla Woods, Liz Kimbel, and Dr. Beth, will present three techniques used in their practice with survivors of sex trafficking in the greater DC and Baltimore areas. Workshop participants will be guided through three creative arts activities using self-expression to develop self-awareness, cope with stress and trauma, and work on several social-emotional skills.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe three expressive arts interventions that can be used in clinical or skills/education focused group practice

·  Present intervention techniques which can help improve psychosocial skills for survivors of exploitation

·  Discuss how to evaluate effectiveness of expressive arts approaches to intervention

In 2018, the UN's International Organization for Migration (IOM) established the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC) as a global data resource on trafficking data. The centerpiece of the Collaborative’s work is a public, open source, global database of trafficking reports. With almost 200,000 records as of March, 2023, the database includes many important features including country of victim’s citizenship as well as where exploitation occurred, detailed information on the type of exploitation including type of work performed and means of control, and demographic data including records on transgender persons. The database is fully anonymous and developed with careful attention to ethical best practices in data collection. This presentation provides a background on the Collaborative and the database, its contents and applications, and examples of research. As an example, human trafficking trends in Eastern Europe are explored, which have shifted to focus on Ukraine in recent years. These and many other studies are made possible by the CTDC’s extensive resources. In this presentation, attendees will get an understanding of the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative, the resources it offers, and how to use the data to support, guide, and direct their own work in international anti-trafficking.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the UN's IOM, the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative, and how to participate in their work

·  Describe the CTDC's data resource, its contents and format, and how to access it

·  Provide examples of research and the development of public-facing materials such as maps and data using the database

While human trafficking has been outlawed since 2000, labor trafficking is an area that has not been adequately researched. The actual severity of the problem is unknown as there is no national database for labor trafficking instances. This exploratory research examines the current state of labor trafficking by analyzing current legislation and labor trafficking victims questioning if the United States responds to labor trafficking law. It utilizes Polaris’s twenty-five identified trafficking typologies to evaluate current policy. Through a literature review, current labor trafficking research was examined to find literature gaps. This research found that state governments focus on sex trafficking over labor trafficking, many Americans believe labor trafficking is not a significant concern, and law enforcement does not investigate labor exploitation. In addition, this lack of investigation also contributes to an absence of data. Finally, this research provides recommendations to protect trafficked labor victims by updating legislation through a victim-center approach.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the current problem, main research questions, findings, and implications

·  Explain how participants can contact their representative to influence public policy

·  Provide policy recommendations for practitioners

·  Discuss participants’ views on the emphasis on sex trafficking versus labor trafficking

This session provides a longitudinal overview of the research methodologies and key findings from the Colorado Project to Comprehensively Combat Human Trafficking (Colorado Project). Since 2010, the Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking’s community-based participatory research (CBPR) has aimed to develop sustainable efforts to end human trafficking with the essential input of those in the field. The series of Colorado Project methodologies have helped communities assess their strengths and gaps in combating human trafficking, asking key questions regarding partnership efforts in 2013, 2019 and 2023 (Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking). The session highlights the design of multi-sector project teams to conduct the research, the evolution of research questions, and lessons learned with each iteration. True to CBPR design, survivors, practitioners, and researchers co-designed and co-executed the design, inclusive of marginalized and underserved communities across Colorado (Miller et al., 2022; Miller et al, 2023). The multimethod design includes surveys, focus groups, and interviews tools designed to shed light on the nature of collaboration, answering questions focused upon the complexities of trust, equity, and effectiveness. In each iteration, survivors and community and systems leaders co-analyzed data to develop community-tailored Colorado Action Plans (2013, 2019 and 2023) to support strengths-based community responses to human trafficking that move beyond “4P” approaches to ending human trafficking. This session will review project outputs designed to sustain partnerships and preview pathways to examining four key root causes that create vulnerability to human trafficking across Colorado’s diverse geographies.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe the community-based participatory research methodologies applied statewide, including design of research project teams

·  Discuss the evolution of questions focused on ways that communities comprehensively organize to address human trafficking, particularly how task forces and coalition members collaborate to address human trafficking

·  Discuss the design, data collection, and Action Plans resulting from Colorado Projects 2013, 2019 and 2023

Rachel will focus on the intersection of desire, bondage, discipline (or domination), sadism, and masochism (BDSM), and trauma history and how to work with clients that are living in that intersection. This will start by exploring each of those intersections as individual concepts linking them back to the dual control model of desire with a cursory description of the sexual excitation system and sexual inhibition system (Nagoski, 2015). The central point of the therapeutic concept will be to explore the interventions necessary for working with clients with these lived experiences. Interventions begin by exploring sex education, and safety education. Rachel will explain how intervention later moves towards empowerment through the lens of healing centered engagement. Healing centered engagement provides a holistic view of healing from traumatic experiences and environments by exploring awareness and actions that address the conditions that created the trauma in the first place (Prilleltensky, 2008). Rachel will use position statements and concepts of self-liberation, as supported by AASECT, as supporting arguments for the interventions. Rachel will also talk about the barriers that have come up in this work and the tools that have helped clients to experience sex and kink that they feel is for them and pleasurable. Rachel will bring examples from cases as well as research and educational topics from the Nation Coalition for Sexual Freedom (NCSF). In conclusion, Rachel will wrap up with a call to destigmatize kink practices and the biases clinicians hold regarding the ways in which our clients find healing in the consent and connection it brings.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe ways to engage with clients looking to connect with sexuality and kink after trauma

·  Explain how to evaluate for safety

·  Explain how to educate on nuanced consent

·  Discuss trauma implications on sexual health

The global sports industry is expected to grow from $388.28 billion in 2020 to $440.77 billion in 2021 (Kumar & Bhalla, 2021). Projected to outpace global GDP, the sports industry is a lavishly oiled, complex machine that is entirely dependent on exceptionally talented individuals with the skills, drive, and discipline to chase their dreams (Kearney, 2011). Oftentimes, young socially and financially vulnerable athletes are targets for traffickers who hold the deceptive promise of wealth, fame, and opportunity. Traffickers, also referred to as “recruiters,” exploit young athletes through force, fraud, and coercion for social and economic power (Busch-Armendariz et al., 2018; TVPA, section 103[8]). There is a dearth of publications, information, and vocabulary surrounding the human trafficking of athletes, despite its growing threat to human rights. Though the presenters identify specific domestic and global legal cases surrounding the topic, they also recognize that the void of information about this social problem continues to perpetuate this growing and time-sensitive issue. Their presentation will seek to address these concerns. This presentation will provide a much-needed examination and discourse of this emerging social and public health problem. The presenters will seek to define trafficking within the global sports industry as a human rights violation, identify and explore the push and pull migration factors, and center this call-to-action as an international human rights issue by utilizing methodologies such as case study analysis and systems thinking maps.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Define and conceptualize human trafficking within the sports industry through social work and public health epistemological approach

·  Discuss the challenges of conceptualizing this multifaceted social problem

·  Identify the areas within the global sports industry where human trafficking of athletes is most prominent

·  Identify and define key vulnerabilities of athletes through the recruitment process

·  Identify and discuss potential solutions and next steps to addressing this problem

Keyana Marshall will be discussing her lived experience. Keyana survived domestic minor sex trafficking, the commercial sex industry, and the federal criminal justice system. Keyana was recruited and groomed into a life of prostitution at age 15. In 2009 when her trafficker was indicted, she was ready to celebrate her freedom. That was a short-lived experience because just six months later, Keyana was indicted on federal conspiracy charges alongside her abuser. She spent 2.5 years in prison and 3 years’ probation. Keyana is now a registered sex offender. In 2020, Keyana was charged with "failure to register as a sex offender". These charges occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic and left Keyana sitting in federal detention for 11 months, only to be placed on 5 years of supervision upon her release. The federal system had knowledge of her being exploited and still gave her a criminal rap-sheet that would cripple her ability to become a productive member of society. Anchorage vice watched and inadvertently facilitated and heckled the exploitation. Keyana was put through the criminal justice system as a co-conspirator in her own exploitation. Keyana was criminalized alongside 2 pimps and the owner of the property where the mass exploitation occurred. All 3 of Keyana's co-defendants were over the age of 50, while Keyana was only 20 years old at the time. Now, Keyana is being stigmatized with a sex offender registry. During this presentation, attendees will hear the story of Keyana’s victimization during and after her trafficking experience. This is not the only case of victims being punished by the criminal justice system. There is no “perfect” victim, but it appears that the justice system has preferred criteria.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss Keyana’s life experience as a victim of domestic minor sex trafficking

·  Describe the critical transitions in her life that led to her indictment

·  Provide lessons learned from her experience as a survivor with the criminal justice system

As travel and internet usage have become more readily accessible to individuals across the globe, the sexual exploitation of children and youth—both online and in-person—has also become convenient for sexual predators in Thailand. The purpose of the current study was to understand the state of online commercial sexual exploitation of boys, young men, and trans/third gender youth in Thailand. Data was analyzed from a total of 94 people, all of whom were assigned male at birth (AMAB). Forty-six percent of respondents identified as Cisgender Males and 54% identified as Trans/Third Gender. Data was collected regarding a diverse range of life experiences including experiences of sex trade and exploitation on and offline, accessing support services, and experiences of abuse and violence. Findings revealed that among the current sample, the use of the internet for sexual exploitation and sex trade is widespread and pervasive. The current results also found that the internet is just one of many methods of engaging in the sex trade, with the majority of respondents noting participation in both in-person and online engagement with customers. Further, respondents noted that opportunities for employment, housing, and education are critical to preventing sexual exploitation and abuse. Gender norms and expectations present unique vulnerabilities for cisgender males and trans/third gender people and often keep them from receiving adequate and supportive services. Overall, results revealed an urgent need for expansive online support services for victims. Implications and recommendations for policy makers, community members, clinicians, and other stakeholders will be discussed.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Present the current landscape of online sexual exploitation among respondents

·  Discuss gender differences in experiences of sexual exploitation, abuse, and sex trade

·  Discuss implications for policy makers, clinicians, community members, and other stakeholders

To develop a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of survivors of commercial sexual exploitation, case files (N = 1,264) from the Out of Darkness’s Safe Home program of Frontline Response in Atlanta, Georgia were analyzed. Key considerations included cycling, age of entry and exit, length of exploitation, number of arrests, educational achievement, experience and age of childhood sexual abuse, mental health diagnoses (specifically, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, neurodevelopmental disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorder), number of children, and placement outcomes. Regression analyses (e.g., linear, binomial, or zero-inflated Poisson) were conducted based on preliminary analyses of the means and distributions of the outcome variables. Results from the investigation will inform services, interventions, and policy and support survivors in their promising futures. Attendees will gain a better understanding of the lived experiences of survivors of commercial sexual exploitation, identify potential barriers to getting out and staying out of exploitation, and discuss the implications of the findings.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Develop a better understanding of the lived experiences of survivors of commercial sexual exploitation

·  Identify potential barriers to exiting commercial sexual exploitation

·  Consider practical implications that may serve to support survivors and promote promising outcomes

Sex trafficking (ST) of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is scarcely written about in peer-reviewed literature (Reid, 2018). To fill substantial gaps in the literature, a pilot study exploring medical professionals’ perception of ST of individuals with IDD was conducted. The central question is how do medical professionals in emergency rooms view the intersection of ST and IDD? Sub-questions include: 1) What training have medical professionals received on ST and IDD, as independent concepts or together? 2) What experiences have medical professionals had treating victims/survivors of ST? and 3) What experiences have medical professionals had treating victims/survivors of ST with IDD? Emergency rooms are among the most common environments for identification of persons experiencing trafficking to occur (Tiller & Reynolds, 2020; Gibbons & Stoklosa, 2016; Egyud et al., 2016). Identification of trafficking status can result in immediate implementation of trauma-informed supports as well as linkages to services and resources. The study utilizes a hermeneutic phenomenological qualitative framework. As this is a pilot study, two medical professionals participated through semi-structured interview. This presentation will also include foundational information to highlight various sociocultural, interpersonal, and individual variables which may impact individuals with IDD and increase their risk of trafficking. Themes identified include severity of trafficking of individuals with IDD and barriers to identification. Themes will be discussed within the context of general recommendations for interacting with and supporting victims/survivors with IDD.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the intersection of IDD and ST

·  Describe factors which contribute to trafficking of individuals with IDD

·  Provide overview of the pilot study, including main questions, methodology, findings, and future directions

·  Provide recommendations for interacting with and supporting survivors/victims of trafficking with IDD

Children and young people voraciously consume technology and social media, expanding social connections and relationships far beyond previous generations. With such advances, it has been argued, young people are at greater risk of exposure to unwanted sexual material and advances via these media (Andrie, et al., 2021; Lebedíková et al.; Madigan, et al., 2018; Rice et al., 2015; Wolak, et al., 2006). Some youth appear to be particularly vulnerable to internet solicitation, placing them at significant risk of subsequent sexual victimization. This presentation explores the argument that disruptions in early attachment may be a key risk factor for vulnerability to internet solicitation and sexual exploitation and trafficking (e.g., Alexander, 2012; Mikulciner et al., 2010), which offenders often exploit (Lorenzo-Dus, et al., 2016; Lorenzo-Dus & Izura, 2017; McAlinden, 2006). The discussion highlights the importance of an understanding of attachment theory when considering youth’s vulnerability to online solicitation/exploitation and subsequent victimization drawing on a synthesis of research and theory from the fields of developmental psychology, attachment theory, victimology, and offender studies. Such a conceptualization could enhance practitioners’ abilities to recognize at-risk youth and understand the underlying dynamics and developmental factors that contribute to vulnerability. This understanding will in turn inform both the development of specific preventive interventions to mitigate risk and enhance self-protective capacity prior to victimization as well as informing assessment and treatment interventions for youth who present for evaluation or treatment after victimization.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe attachment theory and vulnerabilities developed through insecure attachment

·  Explore how attachment patterns may contribute to specific vulnerabilities to online grooming and solicitation

·  Discuss how such an orientation informs prevention and intervention regarding exploitation and abuse related to online platforms

Statutes of Limitations (SOLs) are currently a significant obstacle that survivors of child sex abuse (CSA) and law enforcement face when trying to bring perpetrators to justice and prevent future crimes (Hamilton, 2012). Due to delayed disclosure, most victims do not come forward for decades during which time the SOLs have expired, and charges and convictions are precluded (O’Leary & Barber, 2008). However, due to pushback and lobbying from entrenched cultural organizations such as the Catholic Church, the SOLs have been intentionally kept short (Collin-Vézina et al., 2015). The presenter will argue that abolishing the SOLs for all CSA crimes is the best legal practice available to ensure victims have access to justice and perpetrators are prevented from reoffending. CHILD Global, in conjunction with the Brave Movement, has created a Global Task Force to address this issue by researching current SOLs and lobbying national governments to extend or abolish them completely. Through partnering with grassroots organizations and on-the-ground lobbying, members of the task force have successfully fought to abolish the SOLs in Chile. The Global Task Force combines research on the reasons for disclosure, organizations and laws that systematically intervene in prosecution, the rates of recidivism in aging perpetrators, and the economic costs to society. This presentation goes through the research on global SOLs and how they have blocked victims from pursuing justice and provides an overview of the legal best practice of the SOLs for CSA victims. Attendees will gain comprehensive knowledge of the current shortcomings of the law in this area that have created a child protection crisis, and the steps necessary to overcome it.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the current global statutes of limitations trends for child sexual abuse crimes

·  Discuss the research and data that support abolishing SOLs for CSA

·  Explain the societal benefits of abolishing SOLs

The 2022 Modern Slavery and Human Rights Centre (MS-PEC) report, “A review of current promising practices in the engagement of people with lived experience to address modern slavery and human trafficking,” found that while there is growing interest in survivor leadership, it is often implemented in ways that benefit the anti-trafficking sector while tokenizing survivors. Over the course of 2022, the Global Fund to End Modern Slavery partnered with the National Survivor Network to develop new frameworks for meaningful survivor engagement and inclusion in decision-making in the anti-trafficking sector. This toolkit was developed for the National Survivor Network’s use in their own organizations building on this foundation laid by the MS-PEC report with months of in-depth exercises and activities to formalize the framework. Currently, it is being used as part of ICF Incorporated’s human trafficking survivor engagement training and technical assistance to Office for Victims of Crime human trafficking grantees. This presentation will introduce attendees to the fundamental concepts of the framework. Attendees will learn why it is important to engage survivors intentionally, reciprocally, and thoughtfully at all levels of the Lived Experience Engagement Spectrum. The presenters will discuss the Lived Experience Inclusion Ladder, and why it is important to always strive to use the highest level of engagement possible on any given project or program. Finally, they will facilitate a group discussion about how to address common barriers to meaningful lived experience engagement. All attendees can download the full toolkit, which includes over 30 pages of assessments and instruments for evaluating and continually improving survivor engagement practices.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss the five levels of the Lived Experience Engagement Spectrum

·  Outline the basic strategies for moving up the Ladder of Lived Experience Inclusion

·  Facilitate group discussion about overcoming common barriers to meaningful survivor engagement

In February, 2023 two strong earthquakes struck southeast Turkey and northwest Syria. Over 3,000 aftershocks were reported. Thousands of people have lost their lives and tens of thousands were injured. Those who have survived faced extremely cold weather with big challenges in accessing shelter and food (UN, 2023). Natural disasters are distinctive and will have a diverse impact on different locations and nations depending on their infrastructure and capabilities. Many things could happen in the event of a natural disaster, but in general, the risk of trafficking rises. Traffickers frequently target persons who have been displaced and may try to take advantage of those who are receiving assistance or aid. Both residents in the damaged area and those trying to leave disaster regions can experience the effects of trafficking (International Organization for Migration, 2015). A disaster may require relocation, and any ensuing instability can raise a person’s risk of being trafficked (Bales, 2007). The main aim of this research study is to focus on this risky situation among earthquake victims who lost their housing, jobs, and loved ones and were severely injured, potentially leading to human trafficking, and to discuss the victim protection policies in emergency response. The methodology of the study includes a literature review and in-depth semi-structured interviews with snowball sampling method by qualitative research. The study is currently being conducted and the findings and implications will be discussed during the presentation.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the research study, including main questions, methodology, and findings

·  Discuss the risky and vulnerable situations (e.g., human trafficking) disaster situations have on individuals and the victim protection policies in emergency response

Through the lens of complex trauma and posttraumatic growth, this workshop will share findings from a qualitative study focused on the impact and experiences of sex trafficking survivors (Padgett, 2017). Through rich data from interviews and photovoice captioned images, workshop participants will hear and see direct evidence of the aspects of complex trauma as well as the capacity for posttraumatic growth (Tedeschi & Calhoun 2004, 2006; Spinazzola et al, 2001; Choi et al., 2009). Participants will listen to the voices and impact of sex trafficking through photography taken by survivors and practice having our listening inform our response. Finally, workshop participants will receive recommendations directly from the voices of survivors on what factors help or hinder community reintegration and posttraumatic growth (Evans, 2022). Key findings that will be explored include avoiding re-traumatization and re-exploitation and the integral role of relationship in the reintegration process for survivors.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Explain complex trauma and posttraumatic growth and how they is observed in victims of domestic sex trafficking

·  Provide recommendations for post-trafficking community reintegration that come directly from survivors of sex trafficking

Toledo, Ohio has been identified as an area of attention regarding human trafficking (OTPSC, 2010). Trafficked persons can experience injury, illness, and can need treatment. Urgent care and emergency centers are episodic care centers and preferred by traffickers to provide treatment to those trafficked (Chambers, 2019). Providing effective care requires knowledge and tools regarding human trafficking to provide optimal care to victims (Chisolm-Straker et al., 2016). This research seeks to determine if healthcare workers in urgent care centers received education regarding human trafficking and if these healthcare workers have knowledge of indicators of human trafficking, procedures to rescue, and support resources. IRB approval was received from The University of Toledo and ProMedica Health System. "Human Trafficking Awareness Survey 1" (HTAS1), a 14-item instrument developed for this work was validated for content and constructs by subject matter experts and was provided to participants after an informed consent process. Participants included healthcare professionals from seven urgent care centers in the Toledo, Ohio region. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28 for frequencies to answer the research questions. Findings are similar to a previous study of emergency center workers which confirms that knowledge gaps persist in understanding of human trafficking. Inherent limitation of generalization exists due to specification of healthcare sites and limited number of participants but supports ongoing education in this area. This study demonstrated the need for urgent care healthcare practice to include professional education/training on knowledge regarding human trafficking to facilitate implementation of effective strategies to assist persons being trafficked and to address this persistent public health issue.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe a method to assess knowledge of urgent care healthcare worker about indicators, processes/procedures to rescue, and access to resources to support victims of human trafficking

·  Answer the two research questions: 1) Do healthcare workers in urgent care center receive education regarding human trafficking? and 2) Do healthcare workers in urgent care centers have knowledge of indicators of human trafficking, procedures to rescue and support resources?

When victims of child abuse, sexual assault, intimate partner violence, or sex trafficking are identified, we know trauma has occurred and internal recovery work from trauma is needed (CDC, 2022). However, few professionals know how to effectively respond (National Institute of Health). This session will focus on providing information on trauma, triggers, trauma-informed care, and trauma-focused care to help clients heal through The Survivor’s Journey. Participants will learn the twelve internal and external journeys clients should travel through that moves them from victim, to survivor, to thriver.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide participants with information on trauma and the effects of trauma

·  Discuss the importance of trauma-informed work

·  Define trauma-focused work and explain the difference between informed and focused work

·  Present the components needed to move victims to survivors and to thrivers

Awareness about sex trafficking is widening, but mostly only via scientific research of trafficking data and statistics. Voices of survivors trafficked by family members, especially Sadistic Ritual Abuse (SRA) survivors, remain silenced. Missing is the survivor’s perspective, as they hold so much wisdom for their healing. As a familial sex trafficking survivor, Anjela was motivated to create her own healing toolbox. In fact, this continues to be a major obstacle as she heals, as fewer therapists have knowledge or understanding of this family-based trauma. The strongest trauma healing practices center the survivor, emphasizing their need for ongoing healing tools. Additionally, it must be prioritized how to offer support as survivors embark on their lifelong trauma healing journey. Those who are supporting familial trafficking survivors, both personally and professionally, and are curious and asking, “What tools can they offer me?” are invited to attend this workshop (but don’t forget to listen). When you start to embrace more intentionally the survivor's perspective, you’ll be amazed and inspired by all those who reach out to help YOU to help THEM heal.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Identify the needs of family sex trafficking survivors

·  Increase awareness of SRA family sex trafficking

·  Assist attendees to create their toolbox to support family sex trafficking survivors

This presentation focuses on the largely unrecognized tragedy of the trafficking of older adults for sex, labor, or benefits. Because the prevalence and impacts of human trafficking on older adults are unresearched and therefore unknown, it is impossible to quantify just how much the systems that should be providing safety and justice for older adult survivors are failing. This session will discuss what is known about the trafficking of older adults, barriers to reporting these crimes, and supporting survivors. The presenters will also offer suggestions for strengthening the social safety net and criminal justice processes, whose role it is to keep older adults safe. Information for this session comes from a variety of different resources including the National Human Trafficking Hotline, National Institute of Justice, Office to Monitor and Combat Human Trafficking, and more.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide statistics/data of elder abuse in the U.S.

·  Discuss the risk factors that exist for older adult victims of human trafficking

·  Explain how to strengthen our overall system to protect older adults from human trafficking

This presentation explains data captured from over 10 years of John School programs in central Ohio. The discussion includes a brief overview of human trafficking as an economic transaction, processes survey data from solicitors, and explores effective demand reduction strategies. The main research question was: “Why do people solicit sex?” She Has A Name (SHAN) analyzed over 10 years’ worth of survey data from two “John Schools” or Solicitor Education Programs (SEPs). The surveys included 23 questions and were administered as part of the SEP. Participation was anonymous and voluntary. In total, over 1,000 people participated in Columbus’s SEPs and over 700 completed the survey. In order to determine other beneficial sex trafficking demand reduction strategies outside of SEPs, SHAN reviewed Demand Forum’s list of 15 tactics. Survey responses have informed SHAN’s SEP in developing a more comprehensive and trauma-informed curriculum and methodology. In learning about relationship status and self-declared reasons for purchasing sex, SHAN has expanded education topics to include trauma among buyers and implemented critical thinking activities. If we only care for survivors after the point of exploitation, we will never end human trafficking. Every community that implements any type of human trafficking response should include initiatives to reduce the demand for paid sex. Just as we implement individualized, “whole person”, trauma-informed approaches to victim/survivor care, we should consider the same approach in caring for those who raise the demand for sex trafficking.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Understand why reducing the demand for paid sex is a crucial part of the fight against human trafficking

·  Share basic demographics of solicitors and the reasons why they solicited sex

·  Consider potentially effective demand reduction strategies for their unique context

“POV” is a term commonly used in media to mean “Point of View.” However, in this presentation, it will be used to address the concept of “abuse of a position of vulnerability” (APOV), recognized in the Palermo Protocol as a means of trafficking persons, with a specific focus on organ trafficking. Using a desk-based methodology and two case studies, 1) Ike Ekweramadu, a Nigerian Senator found guilty of organ trafficking in the UK on March 23, 2023 (R-v-Ekweramadu et al., 2023); and 2) a February 2, 2023 publication of lawmakers’ proposal to grant Massachusetts prisoners reduced sentences in exchange for organ donation (CBS News Boston, 2023), this presentation seeks to answer the question: “How does vulnerability equate consent for organs?” Both cases explore the concept of “consent” in relation to altruistic organ donation, and in light of arguments for voluntariness and freedom to donate and/or sell one’s organs. Numerous cases where consent was proven in human trafficking for the purpose of organ removal (HTPOR), reveals that the POVs of certain individuals were exploited. According to UNODC’s Guidance note on APOV, the existence of victim vulnerability, though important to prove trafficking, will be insufficient if no credible evidence to establish APOV exists. This presentation argues that such stance further reduces prosecution and investigation of HTPOR, as no one would make such drastic decision to donate an organ without less pressing conditions facing them.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide insightful information on consent, exploitation, and APOV in HTPOR

·  Explore the links between vulnerability and trafficking for organs

·  Address victim-donor protection laws in efforts to investigate and prosecute HTPOR

·  Provide recommendations to address APOV in investigation and prosecution of HTPOR

Mary Muroki left Kenya in 2002 to fend for her family. For many years, she was in modern slavery in South Africa and Jordan and lost contact with her family. She was reunited with them 20 years later. She has helped hundreds of victims of trafficking to return to their home countries. Mary Muroki rescued herself twice from trafficking situations, but having no documents and no contact to her family, she stayed in Jordan after her escape. After recovery, she started helping trafficked Kenyans and other Africans in Jordan. Beginning on her own initiative in a foreign country, she built a network with religious persons, international expats, Jordan authorities, and NGOs. She became a beacon of hope for victims in Jordan who called her “Mother Mary”. In 2021, she returned to Kenya. After arrival, she was supported by HAART Kenya, an NGO offering holistic support to survivors of human trafficking. Later, she joined HAART as a Survivor Leader and is now also active in HAART prevention and awareness raising work. She is a renowned survivor advocate and a strong voice in the counter trafficking movement. Based on her own experience and uncountable interactions with persons who escaped trafficking, she explores what survivors need to thrive in their lives, and what helps survivors to take a lead in the action against human trafficking.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Identify what survivors need to thrive and be active against trafficking

·  Give recommendations to organizations for survivor inclusion

·  Encourage other survivors to join the movement

Founded in 2017, #NotInMyCity is a non-profit organization in Calgary, Alberta, Canada mobilizing community and facilitating transformational systems change to disrupt and combat human trafficking. #NotInMyCity co-chairs the Provincial Human Trafficking Network bringing together government, police service, and social service organizations who are working to end human trafficking and support victims and survivors. In 2021, #NotInMyCity recognized an opportunity to improve the provincial understanding of the nature of human trafficking and embarked on a novel data sharing initiative on behalf of the Network. With a 2-year grant from the Community and Social Services Ministry of the Alberta Government, #NotInMyCity initiated the Alberta Human Trafficking Data Portal project. Using a multi-disciplinary, community-engaged research approach, the collaborative co-designed a data story that will be used to support education, training, and advocacy efforts. The project involved literature reviews, and qualitative research including stakeholder surveys and participant interviews with 19 organizations and 31 individuals. Participating organizations included law enforcement and community serving non-profit agencies. This presentation will include a walk-through of the data story and will describe the process of developing the data story, how the team overcame barriers, and the vision for the future of data collaboration. Presenters will explore culture and group dynamics, keeping victims and survivors at the center, taking an iterative-incremental approach, and human-centered technology design as key factors that enabled this initiative to be successful. Lessons learned from this initiative can help inspire and guide others who are seeking to improve the way that the human trafficking sector uses data to inform policy and practice.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe the challenges of data collaborations in the human trafficking sector

·  Describe a victim-centered and user-centered approach to design

·  Discuss lessons learned in developing a human trafficking data story

·  Share a roadmap for the future of using data to inform human trafficking policy and practice

Stories matter. Voices matter. Experiences matter. Autonomy matters. In a time where our stories and our voices can be so quickly shared, widely accessed, and just as easily distorted, the I Want You to See Me Project (“See Me”), is a platform for individuals who have been oppressed, marginalized, or exploited and gives them the reigns on how they want to be seen, heard, understood, and supported. “See Me” is a creative, collaborative piece with the intention of shining a light on the stories and experiences that are often ignored, forgotten – or altered – and amplifies the voices of those who have been silenced by society or among their community. Audience members will hear from past “See Me” storytellers, and will explore the intersection of theatre and therapy, the concept of storytelling through a digital era, and will obtain a deeper level of understanding and connection across communities and populations. Audience members will walk away with tools that they can use to create spaces to amplify the voices of others, instead of telling the stories of others.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Educate attendees on the concepts of Narrative Therapy, therapeutic storytelling, and the intersection of theatre and healing

·  Describe how to support clients in finding autonomy, authenticity, and purpose through the act of telling their story

·  Explore ways in which increased digital connection has impacted storytelling in the global community

·  Explain the concepts, principles, and tools used to create “See Me”

·  Provide attendees a framework on how to replicate ethical storytelling in their own work

Awah Francisca Mbuli is a survivor of sex and labor trafficking and was almost a victim of organ trafficking. She is the founder and executive director of Survivors’ Network (SN), a Cameroonian based, female-led NGO leading in the fights against all forms of human trafficking in Cameroon and Sub-Saharan African countries. Her innovative programs focus on rescuing victims, assuring their safe return home, reuniting them with their families, providing psychosocial services, and economically empowering women who are survivors of human trafficking and various forms of violence as well as internally displaced women and children. SN providers diverse services ranging from urgent economic empowerment to vocational skills training, also doubling as a safe/shelter home. She will share her story as a survivor of trafficking and how other survivors can overcome their stigma and find their path as survivor leaders. Survivor leaders’ empowerment and capacity building is of great importance to build their leadership, including how we can motivate more survivors to take an active role in this fight. Awah Francisca will highlight challenges survivors face that are unique to Cameroon and Africa and will speak on the impact her leadership has had in her community and the anti-trafficking movement. She will conclude her presentation by discussing the importance on the various needs survivors have to be ready and prepared for the task of being survivor leaders.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Share her story as a survivor, leader, and founder of Survivors’ Network in Cameroon

·  Discuss how other survivors can overcome their stigma to be survivor leaders in their community

·  Discuss the importance of survivor leadership and what other survivors need to do to be prepared to be survivor leaders

Across the U.S., the prevalence of illicit massage businesses (IMBs) are increasing. Online data shows a 38% increase in suspected IMBs nationally since 2019, presented at the National Convening on Illicit Massage. These storefront establishments are known fronts for commercial sexual exploitation and human trafficking (Muller-Tabanera & Huang, 2021). Historically, the primary counter method used by law enforcement is the long-term criminal investigation (Polaris, 2018). However, law enforcement today does not have the resources to sufficiently address this issue using this method alone. Additionally, these investigations often result in the arrests of those that are potential victims (Illicit Massage Business Findings Report, Restore NYC, 2019). New strategies are needed. This session will (1) define the business model of human trafficking IMBs, (2) explain different strategies that have successfully combated IMBs, (3) expound on why these strategies have proven more effective than historical prostitution stings, including strategies that engage landlords, reform local ordinances, and incorporate under-utilized civil approaches, (4) walk through the steps of how to implement these strategies in a given jurisdiction, and (5) reference case studies.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Define IMBs, describe common red flags of IMBs, and list the numerous crimes that occur in these establishments, including but not limited to sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and prostitution

Discuss how different strategies to combat illicit massage businesses in a given jurisdiction can be more effective and successful alternatives to resource-intense long-term criminal investigations

In 2020, Ohio’s Department of Public Safety, Office of Criminal Justice Services was awarded a competitive grant by the Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime (OVC). The OVC Improving Outcomes Grant seeks to integrate human trafficking policy and programming at the state or Tribal level through the establishment of coordinated, multidisciplinary, and statewide approaches to serving trafficked youth. In addition to employing a grant coordinator at the Office of Criminal Justice Services and developing training platforms with subject matter experts, the grant funds are used to employ a Safe Harbor Coordinator at two juvenile courts. Delaware County and Hamilton County, recipients of the state-wide grant award, have implemented Safe Harbor procedures and organized multiagency approaches to serve trafficked youth. Presenters will provide an overview of state-wide efforts to increase understanding of human trafficking and implement Safe Harbor law in the juvenile justice system. The presentation will examine the challenges associated with establishing Safe Harbor Diversion programming such as, reimagining diversion criteria for the target population, employing best practice standards, training staff, and ensuring youths’ needs are met. Presenters will also discuss strategies for organizing a multi-agency response team from getting stakeholder buy-in to determining procedures and policies. Participants will gain a better understanding of the power of engaging community partners and to identify strategies for organizing a coordinated effort to recognize and respond to child trafficking. This session will provide attendees with insight on how to apply Safe Harbor procedures and adapt diversion programs to better serve trafficked youth.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the OVC Improving Outcomes Grant

·  Discuss strategies for establishing a multidisciplinary approach to responding to human trafficking

·  Offer recommendations for developing Safe Harbor Diversion programming

Many survivors of human trafficking face real challenges in dealing with child welfare and family court after exiting their trafficking situation due to the stigma and misunderstanding of their trafficking experiences that survivors face in these systems. In Polaris’s First National Survivor Study, sex and labor trafficking survivors participated in focus groups, interviews, and a final survey with 457 participants. Survivors made it clear that their children and maintaining custody of them were chief among their concerns and many detailed disputes they had faced in keeping their children with them. In particular, custody disputes with child welfare and with their exploiters are exhausting and traumatizing. Traffickers have used the court system and custody disputes to discredit survivors of trafficking and as a result, the justice system is being exploited to further victimize survivors. This study is one of the first to highlight the need that survivors have reported themselves on issues with custody. These results are alarming in the number of survivors losing custody and specifically those losing custody to their exploiter. Further discussion is needed on the best ways to address this issue including changes to how family law considers and treats trafficking survivors and issues related to trafficking that might affect custody including criminal records, substance abuse issues, and others. This also highlights the need for pro bono legal assistance to trafficking survivors facing family law cases especially those regarding custody disputes.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe the scope of custody issues that survivors face

·  Discuss the needs of survivors as related to children after leaving exploitation experience

·  Discuss ways to address this issue including changes to family courts and providing more legal assistance to survivors

This presentation is a consolidation of migrant worker experiences and lessons learned three years after the onset of COVID-19, drawing upon interviews conducted in May through September 2022 and return interviews in 2023 with 21 migrant workers from the Philippines and 17 stakeholders involved in migrant worker affairs in the Southeast Asia region. Funded by a Fulbright scholarship grant, the purpose of this study is to understand unique considerations around migrant workers’ experiences and occupational safety and health specifically during COVID-19 worldwide lockdowns. Using both direct and indirect recruitment methods, research participants were interviewed in-person, over the phone, or through online video-conferencing platforms. Through in-depth interviews, this research and presentation puts workers voices in the center of both the COVID-19 experience and in policy recommendations. The presentation will report on their responses regarding COVID-19 lockdown coping mechanisms, concerns regarding work conditions, treatment and access to healthcare, financial aid, or other types of support. The presentation will conclude with respondents’ proposed measures to help redefine what constitutes migrant worker occupational safety and health in the context of public health crises, and in general, for the future of migrant work. At the Q&A session, the presenter will open the floor for attendees to share their own ideas and thoughts about the future of work and occupational safety and health in a post- pandemic world.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the research study, including main questions, methodology, and findings

·  Describe the implications and recommendations based on the research

·  Describe risk factors and preventative measures to address or avoid labor exploitation and trafficking in the context of public health emergencies (specifically COVID-19) and migrant labor

This research uses economic theory to develop a framework for evaluating the full social burden that human trafficking imposes on societies. It opens with some basic economic concepts and clarifies human trafficking in the context of labor markets. Our methodology applies concepts of welfare economics and decision making under uncertainty to the specific problem of human trafficking in order to develop a quantitative social accounting framework that is informed by qualitative empirical description of human trafficking found in the literature. While some forms of human trafficking lie outside the framework, it is nonetheless useful for analyzing most instances. The project seeks to answer two basic research questions. First, what are the components of social cost that collectively comprise the aggregate burden that human trafficking imposes? Second, what empirical challenges must be faced to estimate actual measures of these components? This exercise in social accounting is extended to consider a corollary question. Since the demand for trafficked labor is ultimately based on production of socially useful goods and services, how can one evaluate these goods and services in relation to the social costs identified, while maintaining a clear and justified ethical perspective? There are three results from the research effort. Foremost, it provides a coherent framework for analyzing the social cost of human trafficking grounded in economic theory. Second, it reviews the problems and potential for applying the conceptual framework to calculate concrete estimates of cost components. Third, it develops an approach to think about the net gains from coerced labor. Accounting for net gains explains both the profit incentive to engage in human trafficking as well as its negative social impact, which justifies government intervention against it.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Clarify the concept of human trafficking in the context of labor markets and introduce an economic framework to evaluate costs

·  Elucidate four broad categories of social cost that result from human trafficking and social responses to it

·  Identify challenges of gathering and evaluating data toward that objective

·  Explain how consideration of useful goods and services produced by coerced labor can help us to understand the phenomenon of human trafficking and to evaluate associated measures of economic welfare in light of the social costs identified

Instances of childhood sex trafficking (CST) have been identified in all 50 states, and 98% of victims are reported to be women and girls (Department of Justice/Office of Justice Programs Report, 2011). This research project aimed to explore common coping responses to CST among two groups of survivors (n = 32) in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. A photovoice approach, with grounded theory analysis techniques, was used to conduct two cohorts of data collection involving critical conversations with 32 survivors of CST. Data were analyzed by using Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) techniques including symbolic interactionism and pragmatism. Initial focused axial and thematic coding was conducted. The data set was moved to Dedoose for the thematic coding stage to enhance the researchers’ ability to integrate the analysis with multiple data sources (photos and narratives). The following coping responses were identified and grouped into six overarching themes: distancing, hypervigilance, isolation, self-blame, self-directed harm, and survival strategies. The findings underscore the significance of structural and contextual barriers to health and recovery for CST survivors and revealed important implications for human rights, social work, and anti-trafficking professionals. Survivors interpreted the results in partnership with the research team and their recommendations will be discussed. Recommendations include: 1) enhancing trauma-informed training for responders and practitioners regarding coping responses of survivors of CST to inform potential enhancements to their assessment and treatment practices, 2) implementing trauma-informed language, values, and practices into organizational culture, and 3) developing novel approaches that honor the expertise and experiences of survivors into screening and assessment processes.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss the importance of the survival sex hierarchy to frame policies and practices

·  Enhance training for responders and practitioners regarding coping strategies of survivors of childhood sex trafficking (to inform assessment and treatment)

·  Describe how to embed trauma-responsive values, language, and practices when working with survivors of childhood sex trafficking

·  Discuss the need for new approaches that honor the expertise and experiences of survivors

Survivor voice is a vital part of the anti-trafficking movement and should be integrated into every aspect of the work. However, many organizations that regularly support survivors in a client capacity do not know how to work with survivors in an expert role. Simultaneously, survivors are not prepared to advocate for themselves with organizations they used to receive services from as they transition from receiving those services to becoming consultants and survivor leaders. Attendees will benefit from the survivor-ally relationship modeled throughout the presentation as Lived Experience Expert (LEE), Alia, and ally, Kathleen, present on the concept of the survivor-ally relationship needing to be a dual relationship, one that is not only professional, but also supportive. Organizations must continue to encourage and champion survivors as they take on being experts in the professional sphere. Doing this will ensure LEEs still want to be contributors in this field years from now. The presenters will share on repairing and protecting survivor-ally relationships and appropriately elevating survivor voice and self-advocacy. Attendees will receive a deeper understanding of creating trauma-informed survivor-ally professional spaces and be equipped with examples of contracts, compensation tables, and best practices. It is vital for survivors and allies to work effectively so that survivor voices continue to be heard and valued. This should not come at the expense of LEEs. Survivors who desire to use their voices and stories to help those who come after them deserve to be equipped and supported into the next phase of life after personal healing.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Teach survivors how to protect and safeguard boundaries as they transition from receiving services to embracing being an LEE and Survivor Leader

·  Educate service providers on supporting survivors as they transition into empowered LEEs through advocating for their mental health, boundaries, and voice

·  Equip allies to invest in their organization through having access to ethical and equitable LEE engagement policies

·  Train attendees to receive and understand the purpose and outline of example documents and the intention of the documents to support the LEE and Ally relationships in the anti-trafficking field

It has been said repeatedly that the prevention and intervention work of anti-human trafficking cannot be done by one individual or organization. Thus, the Region of Peel has developed progressive strategies, protocols, and partnerships to promote more holistic responses to the matter. Sex trafficking is a prominent concern in the Region and child welfare sector. In fact, 62% of Canadian human trafficking cases originate in the Greater Toronto Area (which includes Peel Region), and the average age of victims is between 12 to 24 (Region of Peel, 2018). Given its prevalence and the need for specialized responses, the Peel Human Trafficking Service Providers Committee was created in 2015 comprising of over 40 members from the Region spanning a variety of relevant sectors: education, employment, legal, health, and social services. The goal of the committee is to reduce victimization and to offer coordinated and collaborative services that will empower and support victims/survivors. Through this, the Peel Anti-Human Sex Trafficking Strategy was created to support three pillars identified as “prevention”, “intervention”, and “exits/housing”. This strategy has since become endorsed and funded. This presentation will discuss the Region of Peel’s implemented strategy and multi-sectoral collaborations that have allowed for a more specialized, safe, and holistic response with victims/survivors, families, and communities in the Region. The presenters from the Region of Peel, Peel Children’s Aid Society, and Peel Regional Police will delve into the spaces and ways in which the Region has come together to uphold Peel’s Anti-Human Sex Trafficking Strategy.

Presentation Objectives:

·       Discuss Peel Region’s 3 pillar strategy to address human trafficking

·       Discuss strategies used for a community response

·       Explain multi-sectoral and operational best practices to maintain synergy

·       Discuss how resiliency is built, promoted, and maintained in the safety and well-being of individuals, families, and communities involved in or at risk of being involved in human trafficking

In this session, attendees will learn the importance of networking and building relationships from the perspective of a survivor mother and anti-trafficking coalition advocate. They will also gain insight into advancing advocacy work to include civic engagement, non-government partnerships, and government support for combatting human trafficking at the local, state, and federal levels. Carolyn Kinkoph will explain changes in her life and career trajectory because of the human trafficking victimization of her daughter, Courtney. Carolyn’s journey includes separate roles as a mother, an advocate, and a doctoral candidate that often intersect through experience, connections, and education as the co-founder of the Alliance Against Human Trafficking (AAHT). Her experience, ability to collaborate, and education provide insight into transforming an anti-trafficking coalition from a multidisciplinary to an interdisciplinary approach for human trafficking prevention. It is important to understand the complexities and intersections of human trafficking along with the failure of several systems that drive Carolyn’s determination to command change. She will share how encounters with providers, law enforcement agencies, survivors, and professionals in various disciplines such as healthcare, education, social services, and community leadership further her ability to educate and partner with others. Attendees will learn about the importance of utilizing experience and education to encourage a proactive approach to breaking silos and coordinating efforts within and across systems to not only build a multidisciplinary team but also to utilize an interdisciplinary approach to work together to promote trauma-responsive comprehensive care for victims and survivors of human trafficking, exploitation, and abuse.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss the importance of networking and building relationships using an interdisciplinary approach to human trafficking prevention

·  Explain what was learned as a result of the personal and professional experiences of the presenter

The Safe Shelter Collaborative is a program that finds shelter faster for survivors. Designed in collaboration with agencies that support survivors of human trafficking and domestic violence, the program is fueled by a technology service and by the community of shelters, agencies, and service providers that band together to find swift access to appropriate shelter. Seven years ago, the program was designed in collaboration with agencies across the state of New Jersey and since then has expanded to over 200 member agencies spanning 18 states in the U.S. Each hub of member agencies are autonomous groups that identify collectively the region they serve that fits the needs of their clients and service area. Agencies that comprise the hub in San Diego County have been members of the Safe Shelter Collaborative for over three years, and in that time have formed a steering committee that has driven efforts to expand the number of sheltering agencies in their region, the types of programs that can provide referrals for shelter and has influenced important improvements to the technology service that fuels the Safe Shelter Collaborative. This presentation will describe the Safe Shelter Collaborative and offer attendees an opportunity to see it in action, while hearing stories of how community participation designed the solution nationally and accesses shelter resources locally. A member of the SoCal hub will share how they organized to support finding shelter faster in their region and the lessons they learned to those who want to join the Safe Shelter Collaborative in the future.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Describe successful models for community collaboration

·  Discuss local and regional options for sheltering trafficking survivors

·  Explain how technology might fit into sheltering operations

Las Vegas, Nevada is a known hub of sex trafficking in the United States (Bahouth, 2021). The number of sex traffickers and victims in the city at any given time is overwhelming to law enforcement and precision policing is critical. The goal of law enforcement intervening in sex trafficking situations in Las Vegas is to hold sex traffickers accountable without forcing a victim to participate in their trafficker's prosecution. Victim participation in prosecution until now has been essential to prosecution but has caused great harm to victims. This study explains a policing technique using undercover police officers to create situations when sex traffickers reveal themselves and their intention of sex trafficking to the undercover officers. Once a trafficker was identified and they were linked to potential victims, the victims were offered services to exit the sex trafficking situation. The research questions for this study included: 1) What are the characteristics of the sex traffickers? 2) Did they also sell drugs and were they gang involved? and 3) What did they offer the undercover officers? From January 2021 to December 2022, 303 sex traffickers were identified and arrested for pandering with no victim involvement. The sex traffickers were 99% male. They were from 18 other states and nearly 100% had previous criminal involvement. Recommendations from this study include intervening with males in juvenile corrections, communicating with Nevada State Police about the movement of traffickers from different states, and communicating with other divisions in LVMPD about gang and drug involvement of the sex traffickers.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the VPTI

·  Provide a description of the study of the VPTI over 2 years including the research questions, methods used, and findings

·  Describe the implications and recommendations from this study

After summarizing the dynamics that influence commercially sexually exploited patient-victims, the presenters will take the audience through a case study of a child who experienced sexual exploitation. This includes an overview of medical needs that providers may observe in a child who may be experiencing sexual exploitation, strategies for engaging and building rapport with the child, what acute and follow up care should look like, how an evaluation at a children’s advocacy center could occur, and how clinic procedures can be adapted to better foster engagement and rapport building. The audience will also learn about complex trauma and evidence-based interventions for treating the therapeutic needs of children who have experienced sexual exploitation. Moreover, Ms. Helms will provide an overview of Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and adaptations that can be made to this intervention that both meet the needs of the patient. The audience will also learn about the Stages of Change, and specific ways that this theory has been adapted and applied to the commercially sexually exploited child (CSEC) population and how the care team sought to embody this theory to better foster collaboration and continuity of care. The overall goal of this presentation is to enhance understanding of the role of children’s advocacy centers in providing care for CSEC youth. Attendees will gain a better understanding of the medical/mental health needs of this population, be able to identify practical steps to advocating for appropriate care, and gain knowledge of evidence-based interventions.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Identify common mental and medical health needs of the CSEC population

·  Discuss appropriate interventions to meet mental and medical health needs of CSEC population

·  Describe what an assessment at child advocacy center (CAC) should look like

·  Discuss how to apply aspects of Stages of Change Model to clients/patients

·  Explain the importance of working as a multidisciplinary team (MDT) in cases of CSEC

Exploitation of young children typically involves family members or other trusted adults selling the child for money, drugs, or something else of value. Manufacturing of child sexual abuse material also falls under this category. Survivor narratives often point to faith-based institutions as safe-havens for the sexual exploitation of children by the familial trafficker, with trafficking often taking place within the church itself. This begs the question: Is the church a missed opportunity for identification and intervention of trafficked children throughout the community? Do these institutions unwittingly enable the commercial sexual exploitation of children with gendered values, beliefs, and norms (Commonwealth of Australia, 2017)? This presentation will discuss why religion is used as a tool to facilitate familial trafficking, how the trafficker presents within a faith-based setting, and how the church can best respond to allegations of sexual exploitation, as revealed by family trafficking survivors themselves (Hassan, 2018).

Presentation Objectives:

·  Discuss familial exploitation, including key indicators of exploitative family dynamics

·  Describe the presentation of the familial trafficker within a faith-based setting and how the trafficker uses religion to facilitate exploitation of young children

·  Identify missed opportunities for intervention and explore best responses by religious communities

Kyrgyzstan is a source, transit, and destination country for severe forms of human trafficking (HT) (Ryazantsev et al., 2015; Akee et al., 2010). Migration (Critelli et al., 2020), poverty, unemployment, ethnic tensions, mass migration, and an unstable political situation have created extreme vulnerability—and thus, favorable conditions for HT. Further, extensive corruption exacerbates the spread of HT in Kyrgyzstan with law enforcement believed to be complicit in the trafficking industry (Madi, 2010). Much of what is known about HT in Kyrgyzstan comes from media reports (Begalieva, 2020; Akylbekova, 2017; Akylbekova, 2014; UN Women, 2019). This study aimed to examine processes of recruitment, conditions of exploitation, and facilitators leading to exit among those exploited in the commercial sex and labor markets in a member country of the former Soviet Union--an area of the globe where empirical data have, to date, not been collected. This investigation collected survey data (N=487) and currently collecting qualitative data (conducted 11 interviews with target N= 30) from survivors of labor and sex trafficking through semi-structured interviews. The survey captured the Kyrgyz population awareness and knowledge of HT and their exposure to HT online or in person. Interview data from survivors will yield information on recruitment strategies, domestic and international trafficking routes, and service needs to mitigate revictimization. The findings of the research will have a noteworthy impact on scholarly work in identifying trafficking mechanisms of recruitment as well as facilitate the development of preventive interventions among vulnerable populations of Kyrgyzstan.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the initial goals and methods of the research

·  Describe how and why the study aims and methods changed through time

·  Describe initial results of survey data collected from Kyrgyzstan and interview data from victim/survivors

Lived experience experts are advocates and leaders who combat exploitation, support peers, and drive the anti-trafficking movement. There is limited published research that explicitly focus on survivor experts’ lived experience in their roles (Lockyer, 2020; Helpingstine et al., 2021). The investigator aimed to explore survivor experts’ experiences in their advocacy and leadership roles and to examine the assets and resources they utilize to successfully fulfill their purpose. Empowerment and resiliency theory served as the guiding frameworks for this qualitative dissertation study. A strengths-based, trauma-informed semi-structured interview guide vetted by a survivor advocate was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 15 lived experience experts. Six themes emerged from the study: 1) Dynamic Multi-faceted Advocates, Experts, and Leaders; 2) Driven to Make Meaningful Impact; 3) Scaling Mountains of Adversity, Barriers, and Challenges; 4) Harnessing One’s Expert “Superpowers” and “Superhero” Assets; 5) Skillful Utilization of Resources and Supports; and 6) Expansion of Thriverhood. The results of this study expand on burnout and attrition risk factors that experts overcome to stay engaged in anti-exploitation/anti-trafficking efforts. The results highlight promotive and protective factors of resiliency and resourcefulness that experts use to thrive in their roles. Practical system and organizational level recommendations to support and promote thriverhood for all lived experience experts in the anti-trafficking/anti-exploitation movement will be discussed. Also, key areas for continued research will be identified.

Presentation Objectives:

·  Provide an overview of the qualitative study, including main questions, methodology, and findings

·  Describe the implications and recommendations based on the research to support and promote thriverhood for all lived experience experts in the anti-trafficking/anti-exploitation movement

Disability familial exploitation is happening every day, everywhere; this needs to be brought to light. Brenna has a unique understanding of disability exploitation by outside agents or family members, witnessing how people treat differently-abled people like they are less than human. Brenna will use 15 stories from her own experiences of both intentional and unintentional cases of exploitation. Since people with disabilities often communicate differently, people treat them like they do not have voices, choices, or dreams, making decisions for them, instead of respecting their choices. People with disabilities often have it reinforced if they say no, they will be labeled as combative, defiant, resistant, or confrontational. If they do not like something, they will be confined and drugged until they submit. Learned helplessness is a damning legacy that is forced on people every day. This needs to change; it's time that these abusers are recognized as perpetrators of a hate crime. Recognizing these victims is crucial to their safety, as is dealing with them using a trauma-informed client-centered approach. Every human being is entitled to the same respect, dignity, and sovereignty as everyone else. People just want to be loved and accepted for who they are. That does not happen all the time, and organizations, governments, and individuals need to make real changes. During this session, familial trafficking survivor, Brenna Wallace, will discuss her experience during and after her exploitation.

Presentation Objectives:

·       Raise awareness of familial disability exploitation and trafficking

·       Provide a call to action for people working with individuals with disabilities

·       Share her lived experience as a familial trafficking survivor with a disability